Articles
Defensive Pessimism: The Case for (Sometimes) Expecting the Worst
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
October 16, 2026
30 Hits
Before a big presentation, you tell yourself it’s going to go terribly. Before an exam, you’re sure you’ll fail. If that sounds familiar, you may be using a well-studied strategy called defensive pessimism.
Understanding and Managing Test Anxiety
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
September 29, 2026
69 Hits
Feeling worried and stressed about an upcoming exam is something most students know well. Assessments tend to stir up anxious emotions, which can lead to underperformance and disappointment on test day.
The Psychology of Note Taking
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
September 15, 2026
92 Hits
At some point in every student's education, quality note taking becomes essential for test preparation, content absorption, and academic success.
The Mental Health Benefits of Summer for Children and Teens
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
July 02, 2026
150 Hits
As the school year winds down and summer begins, many families notice a shift not just in schedule, but in mood. There is real science behind why so many children, teens, and adults feel lighter and happier during the summer months. From increased sunlight to more time for pla...
Understanding Group Socialization Theory: How Peer Groups Shape Childhood and Adolescent Development
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
June 17, 2026
271 Hits
Most parenting advice operates on the assumption that the way you raise your child determines who they become. But what if that assumption is wrong?
Born This Way? Birth Order, Personality, and the Limits of the Theory
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
May 18, 2026
174 Hits
Are you the responsible oldest child, the peace-keeping middle child, or the free-spirited youngest?
The Roots of Kindness: How Prosocial Behavior Develops in Children
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
April 28, 2026
198 Hits
Prosocial behaviors are defined as “voluntary acts intended to benefit others” (Hammond, 2026).
Understanding and Supporting Highly Sensitive Children
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
February 23, 2026
363 Hits
Approximately 15–20% of children have complex emotional and behavioral traits that identify them as Highly Sensitive Children (HSC). From an evolutionary perspective, these children possess increased nervous system reactivity and heightened "fight or flight" responses.
Co-Regulation: Working Together to Find Calm
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
February 25, 2026
200 Hits
When emotions are high and reactions are intense, initiating a self-soothing ritual can feel impossible.
Sleep Hygiene for Children
Madeline Gottlob, B.A.
February 12, 2026
288 Hits
Quality sleep is essential at all ages, but it plays a particularly critical role in children's development. Adequate sleep supports school performance, extracurricular participation, immune function, stress reduction, and the consolidation of newly learned information.
How M...

